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The role of surface material from the laser energy to achieve the purpose of removal and cutting this process in the course of their work will generate enormous heat and cause thermal damage to the device itself, and even produce hot chipping (word Chipping ), is stripped deposition (Deposition) and other difficult to effectively solve the problem. [3] the ALSI developed laser dicing system successfully solved some technical problems in the laser scribing process, and the system is extended to GaAs fab, and achieved good results TriQuint RFMD is two The successful use of laser scribing system typical of these companies, the use of laser cutting production increased by 5 times than the traditional diamond process. laser pointers is produced or machined at the very beginning of every shift. 300MW Laser
This will give investors an attractive return on laser cutting not only the processing speed, as much as possible to reduce the chip size to increase the yield of each wafer, and even the rectifier fab. Laser marking technology. The laser marking is a non-contact non-polluting wear new tag technology in recent years, with the laser reliability and usefulness of the improvement, coupled with the rapid development of computer technology and the improvement of the optical devices, and promote laser marking technology The development of laser marking is the use of high energy density laser beam on the target, the target surface physical or chemical changes in the visible marks which way the high-energy laser beam is focused on the surface. After the process of manufacturing laser pointers changes. Zumba Fitness DVD
Material is rapidly vaporized, forming pits compared with the laser beam in the material surface to move regularly breaking at the same time control the laser, the laser beam it into a specified pattern in material surface processing laser marking with the traditional marker technology obvious advantages: (a) mark speed fast, legible and permanent; (b) non-contact processing, pollution, no wear and tear; (c) easy to operate, strong security features; (d) high-speed automated operation can be done. low production costs. In the wafer fabrication process, produced a specific location in the chip laser code, which can effectively enhance the traceability of the chip, but also for the production management convenience, the production of laser code on the chip is to become a potential industry standards. The process change of laser pointers includes the staff change, material replacement, fixture replacement, machine adjustment and as well as the adjustment, replacement, repair or grinding of the fixture and tools.
Widely used in silicon material germanium materials. Application of laser technology in the machine tool industry: Machine Tool and skateboard straightness measurement prior to the advent of the laser collimator, collimation technology pull wire method or the use of optical collimating telescope, but they are there are some disadvantages. As the laser has a good direction, so it is the ideal light source collimator technology. Laser alignment technology has been in large, Precision Machine Tool and skateboard straightness measurement applications. Straightness measurement, laser collimator with the optical collimating telescope has the following advantages: the measurement results without the need for mathematical treatment. Error curve of the survey record result is the movement of the machine tool table. These are for the mass production of laser pointers.

Software Testing Technology is constantly updated and improved, new tools, new processes, new test methods are constantly updated, need to know and learn a lot of testing knowledge. Therefore, a programmer with programming experience is not necessarily a good test engineer. Software testing included both technical and management aspects fully grasp the content of these two aspects, you need a lot of testing of practical experience and continuous learning spirit. Myth Four: Software testing is a thing of the testers and programmers. Development and testing is a complementary process that requires the software testers, programmers and systems analysts maintain close ties, the need for more communication and coordination in order to improve test efficiency. The ordinary or advanced design will determine whether the quality and structure of laser pointers are good enough or not. Red Laser
The external string into the interference signal will also produce instant high current, so that long-term work will also affect the service life of semiconductor lasers. On this basis, in the design of the introduction of slow-start circuit, connected diode and capacitor in the reference input and the capacitance of which around 10 ~ 470μF, the best value in 22 to 47μF. In this way, the drive circuit from the interference of the power supply voltage has the effect of slow start, so that the laser will not be over-current shock, every time you turn on the power to extend the life of the laser. APC circuit controls the process is as follows: For some reason, the LD output light power is reduced, coupled to the photodiode current is reduced the same proportion. It is the short and small type laser pointers. Zumba DVD
V1 decreases, so that the normal state of balance is broken, making the op amp output voltage V3 will be increased, therefore, the transistor Q1 base current increases, the collector current increases, while the The collector current is the flow into the current of the LD. Therefore, the current flowing into the laser increases, the output optical power is increased accordingly, so that the optical output power remains the same; the contrary, is no different. According to the parameters of the laser performance of the sensor, select the appropriate resistance and capacitance to match, adjust the potentiometer can be a different optical power output values. Figure 5 is the experimental curve at room temperature (25 ° C), can be seen from the figure: the threshold current of the LD light source of the optical fiber sensor about 8 mA, stable between 10 ~ 30mA. laser pointers has the high performance so that the laser pointer is strong and firm enough.
Output power with drive current is greater than the threshold current was a good linear relationship. Normal working hours to output -0.1, -1, -2, -5, -10 dB, adjustable and stable optical power value. Configuration parameters in the circuit, the current into the LD does not exceed its limit. The results show: the design of the circuit is correct and feasible, based on the back of the monitor automatically the optical power feedback to ensure the normal work of the optical fiber sensor in the case of constant power. Designed driver circuit, through the slow start and the power of automatic control circuit to solve the problem of the laser output power instability in use, its stability better than 0.5%, to a good steady flow effect. The fiber optic sensors in this article is applied to the liquid nitrogen cryogenic environment. So that the quality and performance of laser pointers can be increased to a higher level.

Typically, the laser internal LD and back light detector PD integrated, as shown in Figure 2. Among them, the LD has two light output surface, the light output of the main light output surface for user times the light output surface of the output light (back light) received by the photodiode PD, the light generated current is used to monitor the LD state. Back monitoring current main output surface of the optical detector light output power of a linear relationship between appropriate external circuit can be designed to complete the automatic power control of LD based on the coupling characteristics of the back light detector LD. The LD driver control circuit design. It can be seen from Figure 3: LD and monitoring diode is integrated components. The two kinds of laser beam lights will come out of the two apertures of laser pointers. Yellow Laser Pointer
Current into the LD APC circuit pre-bias current. APC circuit current negative feedback circuit to suppress the change due to temperature change, device aging caused by the optical power. The APC circuit part of the back optical feedback bias control, PD photodiode monitoring of LD in the semiconductor laser components back the output optical power. Back to the output optical power output optical power can track changes through the closed-loop control system can adjust the laser current to achieve the purpose of stable output optical power. APC circuit shown in Figure 4 op amps 1, 2, and transistors Q1 and the external circuit, the circuit is a transistor as the core negative feedback system. Whether laser pointers is worthy being bought by them.
Has the function of the automatic stabilizers laser light output power. Feedback taken from the LD back light, back light monitor diode detected and converted into a corresponding current, filtered by capacitor C1 into the op amp inverting input, the current signal is converted into a voltage signal V1. Op amp +2.5 V LM336 op amp with the input terminus of stable reference source and change R5. The output of the reference voltage V2, can be adjusted by variable-bit device. In the instant of the voltage coupled to the drive circuit, will produce a larger impact on current and instantaneous current change will affect the life of the semiconductor laser. In addition, under normal circumstances, the supply voltage AC 220 V provided by the transformer rectifier drive circuit voltage. To enhance the quality and performance of laser pointers. Zumba DVD
A software error, can not simply be attributed to an individual's responsibility, some errors may be produced not for technical reasons, may come from chaotic project management. Should analyze the processes of software projects, process improvement to find the cause of the error and improved measures. Misunderstanding number three: software testing do not ask random personal multi-line. Many people think that software testing is to install and run the program, the little mouse, press the keyboard. This is caused by specific techniques and methods do not understand software testing. Along with the improvement of the development of software engineering and software project management experience, software testing has formed an independent technical disciplines, evolving into an industry with huge market demand. The manufacturer should try the best to improve the design and technology of laser pointers.

The same time, these features so that it can under certain special conditions of measurement has many advantages compared to conventional detection techniques, is a leading direction of the development of sensor technology. As a light source of one of the key optical components in fiber optic sensor, its stability has a direct impact on the accuracy of the optical fiber sensor. This fiber-optic sensor is a semiconductor laser light source, the semiconductor laser monochromaticity, directivity, small size, the utilization of the optical power advantages, however, optical power output influenced by the external environment changes. Therefore, this paper, the working principle and characteristics of the semiconductor laser light source, designed a simple and automatic power control (APC) driver circuit. The green laser beam light will come out of the other hole of laser pointers. Laser Pen
If the injection current is large enough, will be the formation of the thermal equilibrium carrier distribution, ie, the population inversion. When the carrier within the active layer in a large number of reverse case, a small amount of spontaneous emission of photons due to the reciprocating reflection of both ends of the cavity surface is induced by radiation, causing the selected frequency resonant positive feedback, or a frequency gain. When the gain is greater than the absorption loss, you can send a good direction, coherence and high brightness, narrow band laser from the PN junction. LD in addition to have a general laser coherence, directionality, small divergence angle, energy is highly concentrated, but also has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, output power, small size, light weight, simple structure, seismic, and other characteristics. Red blue type of laser pointers is one kind. Zumba Fitness DVD
Figure 1 is a typical semiconductor laser output power at different temperatures and the forward drive current of the curve. Easy to see at the bottom of the figure approximate straight-line part of the intention to raise some. It can be seen from Figure 1: When the drive current is below the threshold, the lasers can only emit fluorescence only when the drive current is greater than the laser threshold current, the laser to work properly issued by the laser, therefore, make the LD emission laser, it is necessary to supply the operating current for the LD is slightly larger than the threshold current. Moreover, the LD threshold current is affected by temperature, the higher the temperature the greater the corresponding threshold current. In a certain temperature, when the drive current below the threshold current. Press one button on the body of laser pointers.
Output optical power is approximately zero; when the drive current above the threshold, the output laser, the optical output power increased rapidly as the drive current increases, and an approximately linear rise. This article uses a wavelength of 1310 nm FP coaxial laser, operating current of 25.0 mA, the output power was 0.96 mW, the principles of the structure shown in Figure 2 of the internal optical path. LD and back detection detector PD portfolio and packaged together, the LD is a positive connection, the PD is to reverse the connection. The back of the PD is used to detect laser output optical power, the output optical power depends on the output value of LD. LD modulation and the backlight coupling. In order to facilitate the automatic control of optical power. It is the brilliant technology of laser pointers.

Helium - neon (He-Ne) laser. He-Ne laser system in the late 1960s the success of the first gas lasers. Because of its simple structure, easy to use, good beam quality, reliable and easy to manufacture, etc., is still the most widely used as a gas laser. Structure and excitation mechanism of the He-Ne laser. Laser tube and the cavity reflector placed on the different ways of He-Ne laser can be divided into the intracavity and external cavity and the three semi-cavity, as shown in Figure (5-9) shown. External cavity and a half-cavity structure, one or both ends of the discharge tube through the Brewster windows vacuum sealed in order to reduce losses, and ensures that the laser output is linearly polarized light. We highly recommend this kind of Green Laser Pointer 500MW to our customers.
He-Ne laser working substance of the Ne atom, the laser radiation occurs between different energy levels of Ne atoms. He-Ne laser discharge tube, charge a certain percentage of He gas, mainly to improve the Ne atom pumping rate plays a supporting role. He-Ne laser structure. (5-10) and lasing in the Ne atom part of the energy level diagram (a better understanding can check the books), the Ne atom laser level 3S and 2S level, laser level to 3P and 2P level. The figure shows the He atom excitation level 21S0, 23S1, respectively, and Ne atoms, 3S and 2S level is very close, so when the gas discharge tube of the He-Ne, He atoms in collisions with the high-speed electronics. For this kind of laser pointers can be used in many different locations.
Excited to the 23S1 and 21S0, in turn, these stimulate the state He atoms by resonance energy transfer process in the ground state Ne atoms excited to the 2S and 3S level. When Ne atoms excited to the 3S and 2S level sufficient number for a long time, 3S, 2S level and 3P, 2P level to produce the population inversion, stimulated emission process to produce the He-Ne laser. Ne atoms by the process of transition to the 3P, 2P level very easy transition to the 1S energy level, and through the wall collision energy cross wall to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Zumba DVD The Ne atom part of the energy level diagram and laser transitions. Visible above the excitation process. And this kind of laser pointers has the good and high quality and performance.
He-Ne laser is a typical four-level system, the laser line have three, they respectively correspond to the following transition: the major lines of commercial He-Ne laser is 0.6328 ? m red, other yellow light (0.594 ? m), green (0.543 ? m) and orange (.606 ? m, 0.612 ? m) He-Ne laser with the sale of goods. He-Ne laser output characteristics. For the He-Ne laser applications, where introduction of the spectrum of competition and output power characteristics. With a laser may be a number of laser lines, some lines may correspond to a laser level, and therefore the number of particles in the total level of competition between them. At the same time this kind of laser pointers has the strict parameters and perfect design and technology.
It can be seen, each inflatable total pressure has a maximum output power of the discharge current with the gas mixture and total pressure. In the best inflatable conditions, the maximum output power of the discharge current is called the optimal discharge current. Can be seen from the diagram, near the optimum discharge current, the output power because of the discharge current changes caused little change. Therefore, when in actual use, the best discharge current is not very strict, which is very conducive to the adjustment of the working state. Curve of output power with discharge current. He-Ne laser is filled with He gas and Ne gas mixing ratio and total pressure has a great influence on the output power. Lasing in the Ne atom ratio is too small to make the output power is reduced. It is the perfect design of laser pointers.

The development of high-power solid-state lasers have a number of key technologies, the most important thing is to overcome the thermal effects in solid substances. Since the 1970s started to develop the plate strip solid-state lasers, is a structured program aimed at overcoming the heat distribution caused by the working substance in a series of inherent contradictions, such as the refractive index distribution, the stress birefringence in recent years have been significant developments in the structure shown in Figure (5-8) as shown. It is characterized by: the surface of the pump, lath surface cooling medium can be realized uniform pump, refractive index gradient is not obvious; serrated optical path to compensate for the thermal lens effect; structure symmetric and linearly polarized eliminate thermal birefringence effect. The two kinds of laser beam lights will come out of the two apertures of Green Laser 500MW.
Resulting increase in electron temperature (average kinetic energy), the excitation rate increases; capillary diameter decreases, the electrons and ions of the compound wall intensified in order to maintain the discharge current is constant, we must increase the electric field, the resulting electronic The temperature will help to stimulate. The other hand, the pd value is too low will reduce leaving the output power of He and Ne atomic number is too small. Optimum discharge conditions, the gain coefficient of the work material and the capillary diameter d is inversely proportional to. By stimulated radiative transition to the Ne atom laser level with the spontaneous radiation transferred to the metastable 1S level, then return to the ground state by way of energy release and wall collision. If the diameter d increases, reduce the chances of the atom and the wall collision. Here is the design and technology of laser pointers.
Stranded in the 1S level of the Ne atom may be absorbed spontaneous emission photon to return to the lower laser level, resulting in the reduction of the population inversion. Capillary diameter should be chosen considering the requirements and gain on the output power and mode, the diffraction loss of output power. Carbon dioxide laser. Dioxide (CO2) laser is the CO2 gas molecular gas lasers as the working substance. Laser wavelength of 10.6 ? m and 9.6 ? m. Since the successful development of the first CO2 laser in 1964, various CO2 laser of the flow, transverse incentive, high-pressure type, waveguide-type, pneumatic type appeared in succession, has developed rapidly. CO2 lasers are the main reason for people to pay attention is that it has many obvious advantages. Zumba DVD Here will introduce the perfect design and technology of laser pointers.
Board strip solid-state lasers can be used for a variety of solid substances, can also have a variety of slats of light road program. Gas lasers. The gas laser is a gas or vapor lasers as the working substance. The laser line due to the gas laser is the use of the separation of energy levels of the gas atoms, molecules or ions, so the transition lines and the corresponding laser wavelength range is wider, has been observed no less than thousand throughout the ultraviolet to far-infrared the entire spectral region. Compared with other types of lasers, gas lasers prominent advantage is the quality of the output beam (monochromatic, coherent beam direction and stability, etc.). Therefore, have wide applications in industrial and agricultural production, national defense and scientific research. This kind of laser pointers is very popular and well received in the recent market for its high practice degree in the actual application.

In particular, end-pumped semiconductor laser, the pump and solid-state laser in space can also be a good match. At present, the overall efficiency of the diode-pumped reached the flashlamp-pumped solid-state lasers more than four times. work Reactive heat medium temperature stability can be made of all-solid device, to eliminate the effects of vibration, the laser line is narrower, better frequency stability. long life, simple structure, easy to use. The structure of the diode-pumped solid-state lasers end-pumped manner shown in Figure (5-7) (a) and Figure (5-7) (b) as shown in the side of the pump mode. From the material point of view of solid work, there are two kinds of cylindrical and lath. And press the other button on the body of the 500MW Green Laser.
End-pumped mode semiconductor laser mode and the laser oscillation modes in the solid substances is well matched, so the "pump" and the high coupling efficiency between the laser. This laser is a low threshold, high efficiency, output power is limited by a single laser diode output power. The use of the substance of the laser diode array side-pumped solid-state work, although less efficient, but can obtain a higher output power, pulsed or continuous operation. The structure of the diode-pumped solid-state laser pump on the way to indicate (a) (b) the side-pumped way. Tunable solid-state lasers. Tunable solid state laser to achieve major advances in solid-state lasers. The green laser beam light will come out of the other hole of laser pointers. Zumba Fitness DVD
Can be tuned solid-state lasers have two types of color center lasers, laser crystal doped with transition metal ions produced tunable lasers. Color center lasers, low threshold, can work continuously, but also pulse, it is easy to achieve single-mode operation, and good beam quality. In particular, the tuning range can be covered (0.8 ? 3.9) micron, which is difficult to achieve by other tunable lasers (dye lasers, semiconductor lasers). Molecular spectroscopy, chemical kinetics, pollution detection, fiber optic communications, semiconductor physics and other fields, there are important application value. At present, there are already working at room temperature for practical goods. Color center lasers, however, during use, is still not very stable. If the customer needs both of the red laser beam light and green laser beam light of laser pointers.
By contrast, the laser crystal doped with transition metal ions produced by tunable lasers, the performance is superior. For solid tunable lasers doped with transition metal ions in laser crystals of chrysoberyl (Cr: BeAl2O3), gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (Cr: GSGG) doped titanium sapphire (Ti: Al2O3), of which titanium Sapphire progress of the most prominent, is currently the best performance of the solid tunable laser material. Board strip solid-state laser structure diagram. High-power solid-state lasers. High-power solid-state lasers, a variety of output average power more than a few hundred watts continuous, quasi-continuous and pulsed solid-state lasers, it has been a goal pursued by the military applications, and laser processing applications. You can press the two buttons on the body of laser pointers at the same time.

Because of the biological tissue with heat, pressure, light and electromagnetic effects of the role of surgical resection or direct exposure to the tumor with a laser, to remove the tumor. The laser is a high-energy beam, the specific laser beam like a sharp scalpel to cut the body's various organizations, the use of such a special laser "knife", not only can easily remove the tumor tissue, but also good hemostatic effect. The application of high-power focused laser direct irradiation, to make the tumor tissue quickly becomes steam and fog, thus eliminating the tumor. Applied to eliminate: gastrointestinal tumors, brain tumors, bronchial tumors, support gas tumor, liver tumors, liver tumors, bladder tumors. Areas and markets of laser pointers will be formed and selected.
International markets (USA, Japan, Europe) profiles. World laser market can be divided into three regions: the United States (including North America) accounted for 55%, 22% in Europe, Japan and the Pacific region accounted for 23%. In photonics technology in the world laser market in Japan topped the list, the United States ranked second; in laser material processing equipment, and Germany top the list. The end of 1999, more than 50 manufacturers of laser processing system in the world, a cumulative total of 25,000 sets of high-power laser cutting machine. 2000, the world's manufacturers of laser processing system to 70 more than the world for industrial cutting laser processing system of more than 40,000 sets, which the United States accounted for nearly 30,000 sets. For this kind of laser pointers has the good quality and high performance. Green Laser 500MW
In 2000, Germany and Japan are the major industrial countries after the United States of laser. Has a laser cutting system nearly 5,000 sets (2000). Then Italy and the UK, with laser cutting about 1,000 sets of the processing system. U.S. Laser Industry Development. 1994 U.S. Optoelectronics Industry Development Association is made on the 1993 World Laser - photonics market, with a total of $ 75 billion; currently is Japan's dominant in the output value of $ 75 billion, Japan accounted for about 50%, so that should be noted that the development of photonics technology industries in the United States account for a large share in this area. Following the introduction of laser processing and laser medical aspects of development. laser pointers can be used for the red laser beam light application and location. Zumba Fitness DVD
Industrial Laser Review magazine in 1996, 1995 laser processing system for worldwide sales of approximately $ 1.1 billion, the United States accounted for 31%, Europe 32% Japan 35%, other 2%. Famous laser company in the United States: Coherent, Spectra-Physics, a joint process (URTC) Company, the PRC company, Combustion Engineering company, the Lumonics company, Synrad company, M arted Lasers companies, the Electrox company and ESI companies. Coherent and Spectra-Physics is the two largest U.S. laser company, more than 40 percent of total sales accounted for U.S. laser company. The Ministry of industrial laser of Spectra Physics high power CO2 laser options for Germany, Rofin-Sinar acquired. laser pointers is of the best quality and highest performance.
Mainly produces 1.5kW-6kW transverse flow CO2 laser. The joint technology company produces 5kW-30kW high-power transverse flow CO2 laser, and a German company is a joint venture in Germany to manufacture such equipment; PRC company mainly produces 0.5-3.5kW-axis fast-flow CO2 laser, is now sold a total of 1000 high-power CO2 laser; combustion engineering company to produce 1kW, 5kW and 10kW high-power transverse flow CO2 laser (Israel MLI patent). Synrad company mainly produces 200W sealed off RF excited CO2 laser. Laser Collection "magazine in 1995, the U.S. Laser - Photoelectron Producers Council members. Here will introduce the economical efficiency of laser pointers.

First of three-dimensional data of the injured required implantation of bone tomography (CT), and then based on these data by a computer-controlled laser beam to melt the metal powder, point by point the artificial bone "casting", and "point connect up layer by layer "casting". The above process is completed on a lifting platform, casting finished floor to the next level of "casting" by adjusting the platform height to re-spreading ballast metal powder, the final precision manufactured in accordance with the CT data injured the artificial bones. Laser clears clogged arteries, laser revascularization. The laser control spread of the tumor, laser resection of the tumor: Laser carving broken bones, stop bleeding and gasification tumor tissue. And many customers choose the 200mW laser pointers as their useful and practical tool. 1000MW Green Laser
The carbon dioxide laser power more than 500W, but in theory, can be up to 100KW, recent reports have reached 20kW. And the greater the power, the better, so send to expect Japan to carbon dioxide laser research and development. The advantages of laser processing and cutting of flexible, high-precision, high-speed, high reliability, high efficiency, not only in the sheet metal industry, metals, plastics, ceramics are also widely to use. The recent 5-axis or 6-axis laser cutting robot has to play an active role in the Japanese automobiles, machinery, motor Heavy. The same time, the laser welding in the Japanese electronics, electrical, automotive, vehicle parts, OA equipment, etc., the rapid development of mass production. Industry production line, the successful application of laser welding has drawn world attention. The manufacturer should have the strict standard to evaluate laser pointers. Zumba DVD
The bold use in the manufacture of car bodies will be sheet steel billet when the implementation of laser welding, metal forming the new method (Tailorcd Blank Welding), is now available for the vast majority of car manufacturers in the world to emulate. Carbon dioxide laser welding instead of flash butt welding for the connection of the steel industry, steel rolling membrane. Thin, plate, pipe, thin stainless steel and high-frequency welding, TIG welding the combination to ensure the quality stability. T ? Fujioka, 1992, University of Tokyo Research and Development Institute reported that CO2 laser processing machine sales of 55.8 billion yen, the YAG laser processing machine sales of 17.7 billion yen, for a total of 73.5 billion yuan date. The customer can visit the workshop and factory of laser pointers.
CO2 laser processing machine is mainly used in cutting and punching (total number, 94.8%), welding (2.8%); YAG laser processing machine is mainly used in the mark (34.5%), welding (27.7%), fine-tuning (10% ) and cutting, drilling (8.9%). 60 Japanese production of CO2 laser manufacturers, the production of CO2 laser processing machine manufacturer Mitsubishi Electric, Matsushita Electric, Amada and Mazak, accounting for about 70% Japanese laser processing market. In addition, Germany, Rofin-Sinar Laser and Japan's Marubeni and Nippei Toyama company joint ventures; Trumpf laser technology company in Germany and Japan's Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries joint venture. The customer can tell the manufacturer of laser pointers their opinion timely.

By the California Institute of Technology Doctor of Philosophy in 1939 at Bell Telephone Laboratories, and taught at Columbia University in 1948. Three years later, he generated the idea of the maser, using ammonia as the amplifying medium, to create the first maser in December 1953. This research has led to the laser by Maiman in 1960. 1967, he was appointed professor at the University of California, created a radio and infrared astronomy program at the school, the results found in interstellar space of complex molecules (ammonia and water). The characteristics of the laser. Spatial coherence and direction of the laser: beam spatial coherence and directionality are closely linked. The divergence angle of the different types of lasers are different. The economical efficiency of 1W Laser is very high.
Their scalar product is: He-Ne solid-state lasers, semiconductor lasers. Temporal coherence and monochromaticity: temporal coherence and monochromaticity in the simple relationship between the monochromatic higher the longer the coherence time. Best passive optical cavity mode frequency band width in general, single-mode frequency stabilization of gas lasers, monochrome, usually in the 106-103 Hz, solid-state laser monochrome poor, mainly due to the gain curve of the working substance width, it is difficult to work in single mode. Semiconductor laser monochrome worst. Laser intensity (coherent light): the laser output power is very high due to the laser photon degenerate very high degree. Improve the output power and efficiency is an important subject of laser development. This kind of laser pointers is highly recommended for the customer.
Such as the application of solid-state lasers, Q-lock, membrane technology, allows the pulse width of 10-12 seconds. A gigawatt-level (109 W) Q-switched laser pulse focused to the spot diameter of 5 microns, the available power density of 1015 watts / cm 2. Classification of lasers. Zumba Fitness DVD The laser has a different classification methods, generally classified according to the different working medium can be divided into solid-state lasers, gas lasers, liquid lasers and semiconductor lasers. In addition, the laser output mode can be divided into CW lasers and pulsed lasers, the laser pulse peak power can be very large, you can also by the frequency of light and luminous power size classification. The customer needs laser pointers to be used in various locations.
Liquid lasers. Commonly used dye lasers using organic dyes as the working media. In most cases the organic dye dissolved in a solvent (ethanol, acetone, water, etc.), but also work for the vapor state. Use of different dyes available to different wavelengths of the laser (in the visible range). Dye lasers generally use the laser as the pump source, such as commonly used argon ion lasers. It has the advantage of the output wavelength continuously adjustable, wide coverage and therefore are widely used. Laser principle. Stimulated absorption and spontaneous emission. Ordinary common light source of the light-emitting (such as lights, flame, sun light) is due to substances in the external energy (eg solar energy, electricity, heat, etc.) role. Actually, the double-colored laser pointers is the favorite of the customer in the current market.